Příčiny a mechanismus vzniku úrazůobličejového skeletu z pohledu ORL

Causes and Mechanism of Contraction of Injuries of the Facial Skeletonfrom the ENT Aspect

The authors analyze the causes and mechanism of contraction of injuries in relationto the frequency of prevalence, sex and age of the patients. In the course of 24 months they treated331 adult patients and 31 children with injuries of the facial skeleton. On account of fractures of theupper and medial third of the face 25 patients (7.5 % were treated. Isolated fractures of the nasalbones were diagnosed in 276 adult patients (83 %) and in 31 children. In 31 adult patients (10 %) anopen fracture was involved and in 28 patients (9 %) reposition of the dislocated nasal bones wasmade under general anaesthesia. The authors treated also 30 patients (9 %) with multiple injuries and fractures of bones in the upper and medial portion of the face. The most frequent cause ofinjuries of the facial skeleton was violence caused by another person in 153 patients (46 %), the ratioof men with injuries of the upper and medial third of the face was 132 (87 %) with a maximumincidence between the second and third decade. The second most frequent cause of facial injurieswere falls - 89 patients (27 %), both sexes being equally represented, the mean age being high. Sportsinjuries were recorded in 44 patients (13 %), transport injuries were recorded in 40 patients (12 %).The latter injuries were as to their extent and serious character the most severe ones as in themajority multiple injuries were involved.

Key words:
facial injuries, violence, multiple injury, aggression