Dependence of the Amount of Cerumen on Anatomical Conditions in the Ear Canal
Authors:
K. Pokorný 1; M. Meloun 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Klinika ORL a chirurgie hlavy a krku Krajské nemocnice Pardubice, a. s.
; přednosta prof. MUDr. A. Pellant, DrSc.
Katedra analytické chemie, Fakulta chemicko-technologická, Univerzita Pardubice
1; vedoucí katedry prof. Ing. K. Vytřas, DrSc.
2
Published in:
Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 58, 2009, No. 1, pp. 19-28.
Category:
Original Article
Overview
The correlation between amount of earwax present in the ear canal and anatomical proportion of the ear canal was monitored to detect the risk factors of cerumen accumulation. The statistics has revealed significant changes in dependence on age, cerumen type and constitution, amount of tragi present in the ear canal, width of the ear canal, and presence of tragi in accumulated earwax and noticeable movements of the frontal ear canal wall depending on the lower jaws movements. No significant changes of the earwax amount were observed in dependence on conclusion of otoscopic examination and presence of exostoses in the bony ear canal.
Key words:
cerumen, earwax, amount, external ear canal.
Sources
1. Ballachanda, B. B.: The human ear canal. Theoretical considerations and clinical applications including cerumen management. Singular Publisching Group, Inc., London, 1995, 262 s., ISBN 1-56593-169-6.
2. Baxter, P.: Association between use of cotton tipped swabs and cerumen plugs. British medical journal, roč. 287, 1983, č. 6401, s. 1260.
3. Carr, M. M., Smith, R. L.: Ceruminolytic efficacy in adults versus children. The Journal of Otolaryngology, roč. 30, 2001, č. 3, s. 154-156.
4. Cook, R.: Ear syringing. Nursing standard, roč. 13, 1998, č. 13-15, s. 56-59.
5. Courtois, J.: Cerumen a cizí tělesa ve zvukovodu. Widex, 2000, 43 s.
6. El-Ghazzawi, E. F., Taalat, M., Mandour, M. A., Arafa, S. A.: The ceruminous glands in chronic suppurative otitis media. A histological and histochemical study. J. Laryngol. Otol., roč. 93, 1979, č. 8, s. 785-791.
7. Fairey, A., Freer, C. B., Machin, D.: Ear wax and otitis media in children. BMJ (Clin Res Ed), roč. 291, 1985, č. 6492, s. 387-388.
8. Fransman, D.: Can removal of back teeth contribute to chronic earwax obstruction? British Journal of Learning Disabilities, roč. 34, 2006, č. 1, s. 36-41.
9. Guest, J. F., Greener, M. J., Robinson, A. C, Smith, A. F.: Impacted cerumen: composition, production, epidemiology and management. QJM, Oxford, roč. 97, 2004, č. 8, s. 477-88.
10. Hanger, H. C., Mulley, G. P.: Cerumen: Its fascination and clinical importance: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, roč. 85, 1992, s. 346-349.
11. Kelly, K. E., Mohs, D. C.: The external auditory canal. Anatomy and physiology. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am., roč. 29, 1996, s. 725-39.
12. Lewis-Cullinan, C., Janken, J. K.: Effect of cerumen removal on the hearing ability of geriatric patients. J. Adv. Nurs, roč. 15, 1990, s. 594-600.
13. Liston, L. S.: Ear wax and the otolaryngologist. Anestesiology, roč. 63, 1985 č. 5, s. 566.
14. Mahoney, D. F.: Cerumen Impaction. Prevalence and Detection in Nursing Homes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, roč. 19, 1993, č. 4, s. 23-30.
15. McCarter, D. F., Courtney, A. U. Pollart, S. M.: Cerumen Impaction. Am Fam Physician, roč. 75, 2007, s. 1523-28, 1530.
16. Meador, J.A.: Cerumen impaction in the elderly. J. Gerontol Nurs, roč. 21, 1995 č. 12, s. 43-45.
17. Mejzlík, J., Chrobok, V., Pellant, A., Šimáková, E.: Exostózy a osteomy zevního zvukovodu. Otolaryng. a Foniat. /Prague/, roč. 52, 2003, č. 3, s. 139-141.
18. Mejzlík, J., Pokorný, K. a kol.: Zevní zvukovod. Edice Medicíny hlavy a krku, 1. vyd., Havlíčkův Brod, Tobiáš, 2007, 270 s., ISBN 978-80-7311-092-5.
19. Meloun, M., Militký, J.: Statistická analýza experimentálních dat. 2. vyd., upravené a rozšířené, Praha, Academia 2004, 954 s., ISBN 80-200-1254-0.
20. Oliveira, R. J.: The active earcanal. J. Am. Acad. Audio., roč. 8, 1997, s. 401-410.
21. Olusanya, B. O.: Hearing impairment in children with impacted cerumen. Annals of Tropical Peadiatrics, roč. 23, 2003, s. 121-128.
22. Pieren, C.: Otitis externa and cerumen obturans. Ther Umsch, roč. 52, 1995, č. 11, s. 713-717.
23. Pokorný, K., Pellant, A., Čegan, A.: Poznámky k patofyziologii ušního mazu, Otorinolaryng. a Foniat. /Prague/, roč. 55, 2006, č. 1, s. 35-38.
24. Reiss, M.: Cotton swabs and earcleaning. Should one do it or not? MMW Fortschr Med, roč. 141, 1999, č. 40, s. 36-39.
25. Roeser, R. J., Ballachanda, B. B.: Physiology, pathophysiology and antropology/ epidemiology of human earcanal secretions. J. Am. Acad. Audio., roč. 8, 1997, s. 391-400.
26. Sander, R.: Otitis externa: A practical quide to treatment and prevention. American Family Physician, Kansas City, roč. 5, 2001, s. 927-936 a 941-942.
27. Sim, D. W.: Wax plugs and cotton buds. J. Laryngol. Otol, roč. 102, 1988, č. 7, s. 575–576.
28. Stone, C. M.: Preventing cerumen impaction in nursing facility residents. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, roč. 25, 1999, č. 5, s. 43-45.
29. Subha, S. T., Raman, R: Role of impacted cerumen in hearing loss. ENT-Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, roč. 85, 2006, č. 10, s. 650-653.
Labels
Audiology Paediatric ENT ENT (Otorhinolaryngology)Article was published in
Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics
2009 Issue 1
Most read in this issue
- Pilomatricoma – Possible Cause of Swelling in the ORL Area
- Possibilities in the Therapy of Sudden Hearing Disorders
- Velo-pharyngeal Occlusion in Endoscopic Picture (1st part – theoretical introduction)
- Cholesteatoma of Eardrum Membrane: Congenital or Acquired?